Hazing investigations are difficult. They are often filled
with lies, half-truths, and misinformation. Cutting through the veil of silence
and secrecy can often be difficult, but it is not impossible. It requires
knowledgeable, skilled investigators who understand the unique nuances of
hazing and the variety of ways that student groups will collude and obfuscate
in order to hide the truth.
In a previous post, I have argued that campuses should use
their trained Title IX investigators to also investigate hazing cases. This
would allow campuses to respond quickly to hazing allegations and build up a
team of knowledgeable, trained investigators.
If you haven’t read it, be sure to check it out.
Beyond the advice contained in that article, here are five
other tips for conducting better hazing investigations.
1. Move quickly – In
a hazing investigation, time is of the essence. Once a chapter is put on notice
that an allegation has been received and an investigation is forthcoming, it
does not take long for them to “get their story straight.” Once a report is
received, an investigation should begin in less than 24 hours. Ideally, this
includes giving the chapter as little lead time as possible before arranging to
conduct interviews with the new members. The less time they have to work on the
story, the easier it will be for you to get to the bottom of the allegation.
2. Guarantee anonymity,
and find “The One” – In every hazing investigation I have ever conducted, I
have always found one person who wants to talk to me. Find this person. The
best way to get that student to open up is to guarantee their anonymity.
Investigators should compile and present investigation notes in a way that does
not disclose the identity of the individuals who provide them with information.
The best model for this is to have an adjudication process by which a hazing
investigation report can be presented in a student conduct hearing without
disclosing the identities of the individuals involved. If you are able to guarantee
anonymity in your investigation, then “the one” is much more likely to tell you
his or her story.
3. Keep your cards close
to your chest – When you are doing a hazing investigation, you need to be
prepared to be lied to. Don’t get mad or upset about this – the new members you
are investigating stand to lose a great deal by helping you, and are likely
under tremendous pressure. You should expect to be lied to in an investigation.
But here’s the best little secret I can share with you – most of the time, the
new members you are talking to do not know what they should be lying about and
what they can share with you openly. For this reason, I always like to play it
close to the chest with the first 6-8 new members that I interview.
So, in my interviews, I always start with very broad
questions that do not disclose the specific nature of what I am looking for.
This means, instead of jumping straight into questions about the allegations
you have received, ask general questions about their experience as a new member (i.e.
tell me about the new member process; tell me what your schedule of activities
as a new member looks like; etc.). When you do this, a magical thing happens –
you find crazy inconsistencies in even the most basic details about their
experience. I was recently doing an investigation for a school in Oklahoma. I
began by asking them very basic questions about their new member process. Of
the first six new members that I interviewed, half indicated that they were
required to learn and memorize certain material from their new member book,
while the other half denied that they were required to learn anything. Once you
are able to develop a pattern of inconsistencies, you can focus your
investigation on those consistencies simply by pointing them out and asking “why
would anyone feel the need to lie about this?”
4. Expose the breach – In
an investigation that I recently conducted for another campus, there were
allegations of lineups and being blindfolded in a local river. As the call came
from a parent and included detailed, specific information, we were fairly
certain the allegations were true. My
strategy in the investigation involved starting with broad general questions,
as described above, before finally asking each participant “so, tell me what
happens at the river.” The first six guys I talked to, not surprisingly, had no
idea what I was talking about. One even went so far as to ask “what river?” But then good ol’ lucky number seven, who must
have missed the memo about not talking about the river, informed me of some
bonfires that had taken place out at the river. He was quick to tell me that
nothing bad happened there (LIES!!!), but that they had just hung out and done “brotherhood
stuff” (I LOVE brotherhood stuff!!!).
I asked him if all of the new members were at these bonfires, and he
stated that they were (Finally!!! A Breach!!! Now, let’s pack it with dynamite
and blow it to pieces!!!). So, investigators, when you find yourself in this
situation, here is the perfect next question for you:
“So, the last six
guys I have talked to have denied ever having been to the river. Now you have
told me that there have been bonfires at the river and your entire pledge class
was in attendance. Why do you think the other six guys I have talked to have
felt the need to lie about what happened at the river?”
Swing away. Hammer this point home. Once you expose the
major breach in the investigation, get laser focused on it. Eventually, you’ll
find “the one” (see Step 2) who will open up and tell you everything you need
to know.
5. Let chapter officers
know what they stand to lose – I always like meeting with chapter officers
at the very end of my investigation. At this point, I usually have enough
information from the investigation to put them in the hot seat.
I begin these meetings by giving them a full run-down of
everything that my investigation has uncovered. I go into full detail, giving
as many specifics as possible (except for the names of the new members who
provided the information, of course). By doing this, I am able to let them know
that I know exactly what is going on, and to help them understand that lying to
me at this point would be useless.
After I review my report with them, I give them my “power
move.” It goes a little something like this:
“Here is the one thing my report does not yet say – whether or
not you were cooperative in this investigation. Did you assist in helping me
corroborate this information, or did you lie and attempt to cover up what happened?
Because at the end of our conversation, it will say one of those two
things. Here’s the deal – you are
probably done as a chapter officer. My guess is that you will be removed from
office once your headquarters receives my report. You may even be placed on
alumni status. But, if I am able to note in my report that you were cooperative
and assisted in my investigation, then there is a good chance that you will
still be a (insert fraternity/sorority/organization name here) when this
process is complete.”
After hearing that spiel, nine times out of ten, they sing
like a canary. Now, you should not promise that you know what will happen to
them – guaranteeing anything about their membership in the organization would
be misleading and inappropriate. But by painting a clear picture of what they
stand to gain by helping you, and what they stand to lose by lying to you, they
are very likely to give you the information you need. Some of the most helpful
information I have received in investigations has come from chapter officers in
this manner.
Hazing investigations are difficult. They require trained,
knowledgeable and experienced people who know what they are doing. Some of the
most rewarding work I am able to do in my consulting work is to conduct
external investigations for campuses, and to provide training for campuses on
how to conduct thorough and effective hazing investigations. Certainly, there
is a lot more to a good investigation than what I have listed out here, but by
following these five steps, you will be moving your investigative prowess in
the right direction.
